In the field of valuation, technologies are often categorized into vertical sectors. However, emerging technologies—such as quantum computing—frequently break these silos, as highlighted by the landmark study published in December 2025 by the OECD and the EPO. They are not merely a new industry; they act as upstream enabling technologies capable of radically transforming sectors far removed from fundamental physics.
Understanding these knowledge flows (or “spillover” effects) is crucial for anticipating future value creation.
1. An Exceptional Link Between Science and Industry
Quantum innovation is distinguished by its unique proximity to fundamental research. A key indicator of this hybridization is the citation rate of non-patent literature (NPL), such as scientific articles.
- The Standout Figure: Approximately 33% of citations in quantum patents refer to scientific publications.
- This rate is three times higher than that observed in medical technologies and significantly higher than in classical computing or digital communications.
- This high scientific intensity means that quantum patents carry a much higher potential for disruption compared to the incremental innovations seen in traditional sectors.
2. The “Spillover” Effect: Moving Beyond Computing
An analysis of citation flows—where a patent in Sector B cites a quantum patent from Sector A—proves that quantum intangible assets “diffuse” their benefits across the entire economy.
While quantum patents are naturally cited within computing and semiconductors, they are also heavily irrigating:
- Healthcare and Biotechnology: For high-precision medical imaging and drug discovery through molecular simulation.
- Transportation and Automotive: For logistics optimization and GPS-independent navigation.
- Finance and Management: For risk modeling and cybersecurity.
3. Quantum Communication: The Spearhead of Diffusion
Not all quantum sub-technologies diffuse in the same manner. The study shows that quantum communication possesses the widest technological reach.
Thanks to advances in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and cryptography, this sector generates a higher volume and greater diversity of cross-sector citations than quantum computing. It is becoming the foundational security layer upon which all future critical digital infrastructures will rely.
Valuing Intangibles in the Era of Knowledge Transfer
For strategy professionals, this study is a game-changer: the value of a quantum patent is not limited to its direct application. Its valuation must include its potential for licensing and exploitation in adjacent industries.
We are witnessing the creation of an “upstream” intellectual property foundation that is redefining standards for artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and life sciences.
Source: OECD/EPO (2025), “Mapping the global quantum ecosystem: A comprehensive analysis based on innovation, firm, investment, skills, trade and policy data.”
